Question: Situations Which Severely Influence Fluid And Electrolyte Balance Are: Vomiting, Diarrhea, Heavy Sweating, Burns, And Fever. 14. How Do Minerals Or Ions Aid In Acid-Base Balance? A. Act As Buffers B. Add ATP To Reactions C. Act As Enzymes Major Minerals Sodium (Na) *1. Principle Electrolyte In A. Intracellular I Fluid B. Extracellular *2. Primary Regulator …

Situations which severely influence fluid and electrolyte balance are: vomiting, diarrhea, heavy sweating, burns, and fever. 14. How do minerals or ions aid in Acid-Base Balance? a. act as buffers b. add ATP to reactions c. act as enzymes Major Minerals Sodium (Na) *1. Principle electrolyte in a. intracellular I fluid b. extracellular *2. Primary regulator of a. extracelluar fluid volume b intracellular fluid volume 3. Essential to transmission and contraction a. energy, skin b. nerve, muscle c. hormone, bone 4. We eat our sodium in the form of a. Na b. Nak c. NaCl 5. Salt intake has been linked to the disease: people who do not stay in balance). a. hypertension b. COPD 1 (salt-sensitive c. irritable bowel syndrome : “this is the source of the 6. Processed foods have added and less largest percentage of sodium in people’s diet a. K, Na b. Na, K c. Mg. CI 7. Moderation of sodium is recommended: 500mg-2400mg/day. What is the maximum recommendation for SALT? Check Chapter 1: What are the allowed amounts of sodium for the following claims? Low-sodium: per serving Very low sodium: per serving Chloride Chloride 1. Major ion in extra-cellular fluid. a. positive negative 2. It aids in fluid and electrolyte balance in body. a. K b. Na Potassium (K) * 1. Principal ion. a. extracellular b. intracellular 2. List two primary functions of K. I Since it is abundant in all living cells, and cells will remain intact unless food is processed – Fresh foods of all kinds are rich sources of K+. *In countries which rely on natural food sources and not processed foods Cardiovascular disease (hypertension and stroke) are nearly nonexistent. 3. List three possible conditions would deficiencies of K maybe likely? Calcium (Ca) 1. Most mineral in the body a. abundant b. negative c. unused 2. % of body’s calcium is in the bones: a. 50% b. 75% c. 99% Gives structure and support to the skeleton Bank of calcium which the body will draw upon when it is needed for other vital functions. 3. Important in transmission, contraction. clotting, serves as a for many enzymes. a nerve, muscle, blood, cofactor b. energy, hormonal, carbohydrate, coenzyme I 4. Ca homeostasis or balance Blood Ca is high bone a calcitonin b. parathyroid is released to deposit excess Ca in the Blood Ca is low: hormone is released to draw Ca from bone, as well as, cause the intestine to absorb more Ca, and cause the kidneys to excrete less Ca a. calcitonin b. parathyroid 6 a. calcitonin b. parathyroid 5. Peak Bone Mass occurs at Bone maturity yr old) a. 10 yrs b. 20 yrs c. 30 yrs d. 40 yrs High peak bone mass is the best protection against osteoporosis and fractures. Ca intakes during childhood and early adulthood establish peak bone mass, exercise is essential to developing bone mass. a. cardiovascular b. weight bearing, resistance c. flexibility 7. The disease of bone los resulting in reduced bone density a pellagra b, diabetesc osteoporosis Normal stress on the bone can cause fracture. 8. More prevalent in a women c. children 9. What is Calcium’s relationship to hypertension? men I 10. What is Rickets caused by your stored credentials are du 11. What are the major food sources which contain calcium? 12. What are the recommendations for Ca intake? a. During Adolescence: b. 19-50 yrs old: C. > 50yrs: d. How many classes of milk would you have to drink to reach you recommended amount per day? Phosphorous Found combined with calcium in bone (CPO) 1. Part of one of the major blood a proteins b. buffers c. thinners to maintain pH I Important in energy (ATP) production and 2. Part of membrane as a. DNA, RNA, phospholipids molecules (genetic code) and the cell b. carbohydrates, fat, transport channels 3. Excessive intake of phosphoric acid as in soda non decreases stored on 3. Excessive intake of phosphoric acid (as in soda pop) decreases absorption a. Ca b. Na c. K Magnesium 1. Important in the for skeletal strength, and the bone also serves as a reservoir for Mg for other body operations. 3. nerves b. bones c. muscles 2. Serves as a cofactor for hundreds of a hormones b. enzymes Needed for muscle relaxation, for prevention of tooth decay, release of ATP 3. List four food sources where Mg would be found I I 4. Easily lost during so natural foods are the best source a processing of foods b. cooking of foods Sulfur 1. Found in a carbohydrates , helps them hold their tertiary and quartenary shapes. b. proteins c. fats