Question: In yeast, if you want to prevent the Gal4 regulatory protein from binding near each of the GAL ge…

In yeast, if you want to prevent the Gal4 regulatory protein
from binding near each of the GAL genes, which sequence element
would you alter?

a) upstream activator sequence

b) enhancer sequence

c) core promoter

d) homeodomain motif

e) proximal elements

During RNAi, what do miRNAs target for destruction?

a) CpG islands

b) Histones

c) Ribosomes

d) mRNAs

e) heterochromatic regions of DNA

What is the expected phenotype for loss of function mutations in
Gal3?

a) GAL genes are always expressed. 


b) GAL genes are never expressed. 


c) GAL genes are expressed only in the presence of
galactose.


d) GAL genes are expressed only in the absence of galactose.



Which of the following partial diploid genotypes will have
constitutive expression of the lac genes but will not be able to
grow on lactose?

a) F’ I- P+ O+ Z+ Y+ / I+ P- O+ Z- Y-

b) F’ I+ P+ O- Z+ Y+ / IS P+ O+ Z- Y+

c) F’ I- P+ O+ Z- Y+ / I+ P+ O- Z- Y+

d) F’ I+ P+ O+ Z+ Y- / I+ P+ O+ Z+ Y-

In reverse genetics, what is the correct order in which the
experimenter proceeds?

a) silencing the genes in question using RNAi, followed by
generating gain-of-function alleles

b) screening genes via PCR, followed by deletion of the flanking
sequences

c) selection of a phenotypic alternative for the gene in
question and sequencing its DNA

d) induction of and selection for a mutant allele with a known
sequence, followed by screening for mutations of interest

e) random bombardment of the DNA with a known mutagen, followed
by observation of offspring for newly acquired traits

You have evidence that a gene, VTE4, of known sequence and
well-understood transcriptional regulation, is available from
another lab. The product of this gene enables seeds to produce a
significantly increased amount of vitamin E from a substrate
already produced in Brassica napus, the plant that gives us canola
oil. To produce canola oil with increased vitamin E, how would you
proceed?

a) Select Brassica plants with the highest titer of the vitamin,
isolate the genes responsible, and cause these genes to
duplicate.

b) Use a yeast system to engineer yeasts that produce the
vitamin, and get manufacturers to add this to the canola oil during
bottling.

c) Introduce the gene and necessary cis elements into Brassica,
along with a reporter gene, then measure the vitamin E
produced.

d) Clone VTE4 in A. tumefaciens and use these bacteria to
produce transgenic Brassica.

e) Introduce VTE4 into tomato plants or another food that humans
eat more than Brassica.

In selecting recombinant bacteria, cells are chosen that are
resistant to a specific antibiotic. How are the bacteria made
resistant?

a) They are pre-selected for the experiment on this basis.

b) The antibiotic resistance gene is encoded in the vector.

c) The antibiotic resistance gene is encoded on the donor
insert.

d) Resistance is activated by the recombination event.

e) Resistance is activated when the cells are provided with the
antibiotic

One use of PCR has been to monitor the trafficking of endangered
organisms. Suppose that one suspect was accused of illegally
importing a specific animal, but the suspect asserts that the young
animal had been bred in this country from two resident zoo animals.
How would you best proceed?

a) Use blood cells to obtain DNA from the animals and look for
sequences found only in illegally traded ones.

b) Use DNA obtained from biopsy of the suspect organism and use
a probe for infectious agents found more frequently in its native
country.

c) Use DNA obtained from the possibly imported animal and treat
with restriction enzyme; use a probe for disease genes common in
its native country.

d) Use DNA from hair follicles of supposed zoo parents and of
the supposed offspring to compare sequences amplified with primers
for a highly polymorphic region.

e) Amplify highly polymorphic regions from zoo and native
populations to compare with the suspect

In using Agrobacterium tumefaciens to transfer genes into
plants, what is transferred from bacterium to plant?

a) Ti plasmid

b) T-DNA

c) opines

d) only the recombining sequence

e) the entire bacterium

Which of the following would likely exclude a sequence from
being considered as an active gene?

a) a promoter with signals identical to the promoter of another
gene

b) exons in different reading frames from one another

c) an exon followed by 3′ processing signals

d) a continuous stretch of codons that do not contain a stop
codon

e) introns missing the GT-AG splice junctions appropriate for
this gene

Targeted knockout can produce null mutants through homologous
recombination. Using CRISPER/Cas simplifies targeted mutagenesis
because

a) Homologous recombination rates are very low

b) Homologous recombination starts with a heterozygous single
cell and additional steps need to be taken to create an individual
with two mutant copies of the allele

c) CRISPER insertion into a cell is simple and
straightforward

d) All of the above