Question: 57. Define the following terms: (1 each) Vicariance- Reinforcement- Allopatric speciation- Phylog…

57. Define the following terms: (1 each)

Vicariance-

Reinforcement-

Allopatric speciation-

Phylogeny-

Speciation-

Molecular clock-

Biological species-

Reproductive isolation-

Homoplasy-

Principle of parsimony-

58. How do we know how old rocks and fossils are, and what
information does one need to establish the age of a fossil? (6)

59. Draw a phylogeny and label the following parts: branches,
nodes, polytomy, transitions, ingroup, outgroup, tips or terminal
nodes. Indicate the axis of time, including direction. Indicate two
sister taxa (10).