Question: 200 Clinic Patients With Acute Acid Reflux Disease (heartburn) And 250 Controls From The Same Clinic Without Any Digestive Diseases Were Asked About Their Consumption Of Chili Peppers In Their Last Full Evening Meal Before Coming To The Clinic. Their Responses Are Given Below. Chili Peppers Consumption Heartburn No Heartburn 80 25 5 Or More 3 Or 4 50 …

200 clinic patients with acute acid reflux disease (heartburn) and 250 controls from the same clinic without any digestive diseases were asked about their consumption of chili peppers in their last full evening meal before coming to the clinic. Their responses are given below. Chili Peppers Consumption Heartburn No Heartburn 80 25 5 or more 3 or 4 50 50 1 or 2 50 75 None 20 100 200 250 a. Calculate and interpret the odds ratio of heartburn in those consuming 5 or more chili peppers in the previous meal. b. If it was determined that those who consumed 5 or more chili peppers in their last meal had a higher odds of developing heart burn than those who had consumed 3 or 4 (who had a higher odds than those who had consumed 1 or 2), what type of evidence that can be used to evaluate a cause and effect relationship would be suggested by these findings?