Respond to the following questions and statements using the casestudy below
List the components of the urinary tract from the renal pelvisoutward.
Why would water facilitate the passage of kidney stones? Whywould water aid in the prevention of developing future kidneystones?
List the three stages in the formation of urine and describeeach stage with regard to the structures involved and the directionsubstance transport.
The glomerular filtrate concentration of calcium (Ca+2) is about4 mEq/L. The concentration of calcium in the urine is about 5mEq/L. How would you explain this difference?
Case Study
Peter, a forty-three year old office worker, was struck with avery sudden and intense pain in his side and lower back. He wasbreathing deeply, and the pain began to recede. Eight minuteslater, the pain was not as severe but Peter was still uncomfortableand called his physician. One of Peters’s colleagues drove Peter tothe doctor’s office. While on the way to his appointment, Peterexperienced another bout of severe pain and began to feel nauseous.The pain seemed to be spreading into his lower abdomen and groin.After asking Peter a few questions about his symptoms, the doctorrequested an abdominal x-ray, several blood tests, and urinalysis.As Peter supplied the urine sample he was disturbed to notice thatthe urine had a pinkish cast. The physician returned and informedPeter that he had a kidney stone which, based on its size, shouldpass on its own within a day or so. The doctor told Peter that heshould rest at home until the stone passed, drink at least 2-3quarts of water each day, and strain his urine in order to retrievethe stone for analysis. The doctor also gave Peter a prescriptionfor pain medication. Peter passed the stone the following morningand brought it to the doctor’s office. Analysis of the stone’scomposition revealed that it was a calcium stone. Peter’s blood andurine tests had also shown high calcium levels. Based on this, thedoctor told Peter to eat fewer foods containing calcium or oxalateand provided Peter with a list of foods to limit. He also toldPeter to continue to drink at least two quarts of water eachday.
