Question: Water I. Water And Body Fluids A. Importance 1. It Is The For All Of The Nutrients And Chemical Reactions In Body. A. Solute B. Solvent 2. I Aids In Body Maintenance Of: A. Blood Pressure B. Temperature C. Blood Volume D. All Of The Above 3. It Is A Lubricant And Shock Absorber Around A. Spinal Cord B. Joints C. Brain D. All Of The Above 4. Constitutes …

Water I. Water and Body Fluids A. Importance 1. It is the for all of the nutrients and chemical reactions in body. a. solute b. solvent 2. I Aids in body maintenance of: a. blood pressure b. temperature c. blood volume d. all of the above 3. It is a lubricant and shock absorber around a. spinal cord b. joints c. brain d. all of the above 4. Constitutes a. 10% % of your body weight b. 60% c. 90% B. Water Balance: 5. List 5 ways that von would know that you are dehydrated B. Water Balance: 5. List 5 ways that you would know that you are dehydrated 6. Area of brain which monitors fluid balance: a. cerebellum b. motor cortex c. hypothalamus 7. The symptom of thirst lags behind dehydration – remember to drink you get thirsty. a. before b. after Dehydration: loss of water from body when water output exceeds water intake. Symptoms: thirst → weakness → exhaustion> delirium 8. : a hormone released by the pituitary gland in response to concentrated blood (High osmotic pressure low body water), low blood volume or low blood pressure. It causes the kidneys to retain water. a. estrogen b. insulin c. anti-diuretic hormone (ADH) 9. Kidneys respond to dehydration by secreting This substance activates angiotensinogen → Angiotensin → aldosterone. a. erythropoietin b. renin c. melatonin 10. List 4 ways in which the body looses water C. Fluid and Electrolyte Balance 11. Electrolytes: substances that water and conduct electricity a. absorb b. evaporate c. dissolve in Electrolyte concentrations inside and outside of the cells are vital to cellular function and hence body function. Since water will follow ‘salt”, electrolytes influence fluid balance in and out of the cell. 12. Main mineral or ion inside cell is a. Mg b. K c. Cu 13. Main minerals or ions outside cell are b.K c. Zn Situations which severely influence fluid and electrolyte balance are: vomiting, diarrhea, heavy sweating, burns, and fever. 14. How do minerals or ions aid in Acid-Base Balance? a. Na Major Minerals Sodium (Na) *1. Principle electrolyte in a. intracellular fluid b. extracellular *2. Primary regulator of a. extracelluar fluid volume b intracellular fluid volume 3. Essential to transmission and a. energy, skin b. nerve, muscle contraction. c. hormone, bone 4. We eat our sodium in the form of a. Na b. NaF C. Naci I 5. Salt intake has been linked to the disease: (salt-sensitive people who do not stay in balance), a. hypertension b. COPD C. irritable bowel syndrome 6. Processed foods have added and less *this is the source of the largest percentage of sodium in people’s diet a. K, Na b. Na, K c. Mg, CI Nabi . Na 7. Moderation of sodium is recommended: 500mg-2400mg/day. What is the maximum recommendation for SALT? Check Chapter 1: What are the allowed amounts of sodium for the following claims? Low-sodium: per serving Very low sodium: per serving Chloride 1. Major ion in extra-cellular fluid. a. positive b. negative 2. It aids in fluid and electrolyte balance in body. b. Na A a. K Potassium (K) *1. Principal ion. a. extracellular b. intracellular 2. List two primary functions of K. 2. List two primary tunctions of K. Since it is abundant in all living cells, and cells will remain intact unless food is processed – Fresh foods of all kinds are rich sources of K+. *In countries which rely on natural food sources and not processed foods Cardiovascular disease (hypertension and stroke) are nearly nonexistent. 3. List three possible conditions would deficiencies of K maybe likely? Calcium (Ca) 1. Most a. abundant mineral in the body. b. negative c. unused 2. a. 50% % of body’s calcium is in the bones: b. 75% c. 99% Gives structure and support to the skeleton Bank of calcium which the body will draw upon when it is needed for other vital functions. 3. Important in transmission, contraction, clotting, serves as a for many enzymes. a. nerve, muscle, blood, cofactor b. energy, hormonal, carbohydrate, coenzyme 4. Ca homeostasis or balance Blood Ca is high> bone. a. calcitonin b. parathyroid is released to deposit excess Ca in the Blood Ca is low: → hormone is released to draw Ca from bone, as well as, cause the intestine to absorb more Ca, and cause the kidneys to excrete less Ca. a. calcitonin b. parathyroid A 5. Peak Bone Mass – occurs at Bone maturity a. 10 yrs b. 20 yrs c. 30 yrs yr old) d. 40 yrs High peak bone mass is the best protection against osteoporosis and fractures. Ca intakes during childhood and early adulthood establish peak bone mass. 6. a, cardiovascular exercise is essential to developing bone mass. b. weight bearing, resistance c. flexibility < Sign In 30 we can verify your subscription Gives structure and support to the skeleton Bank of calcium which the body will draw upon when it is needed for other vital functions 3. Important in transmission, contraction. clotting, serves as a for many enzymes. a. nerve, muscle, blood, cofactor b. energy, hormonal, carbohydrate, coenzyme 4. Ca homeostasis or balance Blood Ca is high is released to deposit excess Ca in the bone. a. calcitonin b. parathyroid Blood Ca is low: → hormone is released to draw Ca from bone, as well as, cause the intestine to absorb more Ca, and cause the kidneys to excrete less Ca. a. calcitonin b. parathyroid 5. Peak Bone Mass – occurs at Bone maturity yr old) a. 10 yrs b. 20 yrs c. 30 yrs d. 40 yrs High peak bone mass is the best protection against osteoporosis and fractures, Ca intakes during childhood and early adulthood establish peak bone mass. exercise is essential to developing bone mass. a. cardiovascular b. weight bearing, resistance c. flexibility 7 Thi lini 7. The disease of bone loss resulting in reduced bone density. a. pellagra b. diabetes C. osteoporosis Normal stress on the bone can cause fracture. 8. More prevalent in b. men c. children a. women 9. What is Calcium’s relationship to hypertension? 10. What is Rickets caused by? 11. What are the major food sources which contain calcium? M 12. What are the recommendations for Ca intake? a. During Adolescence: b. 19-50 yrs old: c. > 50yrs: d. How many classes of milk would you have to drink to reach you recommended amount per day? Phosphorous Found combined with calcium in bone (CaPO4) 1. Part of one of the major blood a. proteins b. buffers c. thinners to maintain pH. Important in energy (ATP) production 1 2. Part of and molecules (genetic code) and the cell membrane as a. DNA, RNA, phospholipids b. carbohydrates, fat, transport channels 3. Excessive intake of phosphoric acid (as in soda pop) decreases absorption. a. Ca b. Na c. K Magnesium 1. Important in the for skeletal strength, and the bone also serves as a reservoir for Mg for other body operations. a. nerves b. bones c. muscles 2. Serves as a cofactor for hundreds of **5 Waol.com so we can venty your subscription Sign In 1. Important in the for skeletal strength, and the bone also serves as a reservoir for Mg for other body operations. a. nerves b. bones c. muscles 2. Serves as a cofactor for hundreds of a. hormones b. enzymes Needed for muscle relaxation, for prevention of tooth decay, release of ATP 3. List four food sources where Mg would be found. 4. Easily lost during so natural foods are the best source. b. cooking of foods a. processing of foods Sulfur 1. Found in a. carbohydrates helps them hold their tertiary and quartenary shapes. b. proteins c. fats Trace Minerals: Each performs some vital role in which no substitute will do. A deficiency can be fatal and an excess can be toxic or deadly. Thus homeostasis is imperative. Matching: Iron Zinc Selenium Iodine Copper Manganese Fluoride Chromium a. Predominately found in drinking water. Important for strong bones and teeth b. Functions as an antioxidant and works with Vitamin E c. Found in association with foods high in protein. Required to produce the active form of Vitamin A d. Participates in lipid and carbohydrate metabolism and enhances the activity of the hormone insulin. e. Integral part of the thyroid hormones. f. A component of hemoglobin and myoglobin. Deficiency results in apathy, lethargy and fatigue. g. Cofactor of many enzymes and needed for metabolism. a. Predominately found in drinking water. Important for strong bones and teeth b. Functions as an antioxidant and works with Vitamin E c. Found in association with foods high in protein. Required to produce the active form of Vitamin A. d. Participates in lipid and carbohydrate metabolism and enhances the activity of the hormone insulin. e. Integral part of the thyroid hormones. f. A component of hemoglobin and myoglobin. Deficiency results in apathy, lethargy and fatigue g. Cofactor of many enzymes and needed for metabolism. h. Integral part of many enzymes and participates in many metabolic reactions.