Question: Part 1: Background Imagine That You Work At The Medical Examiner’s Office In Chicago. As Chief Medical Officer, You Investigate Suspicious Deaths And Provide Toxicology Services For The County. Unfortunately, It’s Been A Busy Week. In The Past Five Days, Seven People Have Died, All With Similar Symptoms. It Is Your Job To Examine The Data And Determine …

Part 1: Background Imagine that you work at the medical examiner’s office in Chicago. As Chief Medical Officer, you investigate suspicious deaths and provide toxicology services for the county. Unfortunately, it’s been a busy week. In the past five days, seven people have died, all with similar symptoms. It is your job to examine the data and determine the cause of death for these victims. The first was a 12-year-old girl. Her parents said that she was awake in the middle of the night complaining of a stuffy nose and sore throat. They gave her an extra strength Tylenol and sent her back to bed. At 7am the next morning, the parents discovered that the girl had collapsed on the bathroom floor. An ambulance rushed the girl to a nearby hospital, where she was pronounced dead. The same day, paramedics found the second victim unconscious on his kitchen floor after what they thought was an apparent heart attack. Sadly the victim’s brother and his fiancée also collapsed later that night while the family gathered to mourn his passing. Both had taken Tylenol to help them cope with their loss shortly before collapsing; neither survived. In the next four days, four other similar deaths were reported, all in the same neighborhood and all with similar symptoms. Are these seven deaths related? What is causing these people to die? It is your job to answer these questions before more deaths are reported. Symptoms exhibited by each of the victims included: . weakness, dizziness, sleepiness • flushed, bright red, skin tone • headache shortness of breath and rapid breathing vomiting . confusion and disorientation Most deaths were very rapid, occurring within a few hours of symptoms. I Part 2: Autopsy report After some investigating, it is concluded that each of the victims had died of hypoxia, Hypoxia means that the person suffered from a lack of oxygen, or they were suffocated. The reason for the hypoxia is not always clear at the first examination. The medical examiner also showed the tissue samples from the heart, lungs, and liver had massive cell death. After staining the samples with specific dies and looking at them under the microscope, it was shown that the tissues had major mitochondrial damage. Even though the victims died of hypoxia, their level of oxygen in their blood was approximately 110 mm Hg. The normal range is 75-100 mm Hg. Part 3: Subcellular Metabolite Analysis Detailed analysis of the damaged cells showed that ATP levels in the mitochondria were very low. Levels of Pyruvate and acetyl-CoA were normal. You begin to suspect a malfunction of a specific pathway for ATP production. You request a more detailed analysis of the metabolites found in the affected cells. The levels of key metabolites are reported below: Average Metabolite Levels Metabolite Average Patient level Normal levels Glucose 99 100 Pyruvate 27 25 NADH 400 SO Part 4: Role of Cyanide Toxicology reports show that the victims had been poisoned with cyanide. The poison was traced back to extra strength Tylenol where the murderer had opened the capsules and replaced acetaminophen (a pain killer) with cyanide. Cyanide acts very quickly, often killing within minutes of ingestion and authorities were slow to identify the cause of the deaths. Once the cause was identified, stores removed Tylenol and other drugs from shelves. While there were many suspects, no one was ever charged with the crime and it is still an ongoing investigation. Since the Chicago Tylenol murders, drug companies have drastically changed how medicines are packaged. Why is cyanide such an effective poison? You might be surprised to learn that it directly interferes with cellular respiration that occurs in the mitochondria. Answer the following questions based on information provided in the case study. Type your answers in RED print. 1. Are there any similarities between the seven victims? What are they? 2. In your opinion, are these seven death connected? Why or Why not? 3. Recall your knowledge of the functions of organelles. What function of the cell was interrupted in these patients? Could the loss of function lead to the death of these individuals? Why or Why not? 4 Analyze the axveen levels of the victims were the levels higher or lower than normalt How can you explain these results with the cause of death being hypoxia? 5. Where are each of the metabolites listed in the chart in partenerated during respiration? Glycolysis: Pyruvate: NADH: 6. List the function of each part of cellular respiration below: Glycolysis: Krebs Cycle: Electron Transport Chain: 7. Recall that the mitochondria is sometimes called the Powerhouse of the Cell. What does this mean? Why is the mitochondria relevant to this study? 8. Cyanide is an extremely fast acting poison. In fact, it was developed as a suicide pill (called L-pill) during World War II so that British and American spies could avoid being captured alive. Given what you know about ATP and cellular respiration, explain why cyanide is so fast acting. Glycolysis: Pyruvate: NADH: 6. List the function of each part of cellular respiration below: Glycolysis: Krebs Cycle: Electron Transport Chain: 7. Recall that the mitochondria is sometimes called the Powerhouse of the Cell. What does this mean? Why is the mitochondria relevant to this study? 8. Cyanide is an extremely fast acting poison. In fact, it was developed as a suicide pill (called L-pill) during World War II so that British and American spies could avoid being captured alive. Given what you know about ATP and cellular respiration; explain why cyanide is so fast acting. Cellular Respiration Case Study Directions: Download this document, carefully read the case study below and type the answers to the questions below based on your knowledge of cellular respiration and the information presented in the case study. Please type your answers in RED print. Part 1: Background Imagine that you work at the medical examiner’s office in Chicago. As Chief Medical Officer, you investigate suspicious deaths and provide toxicology services for the county. Unfortunately, it’s been a busy week. In the past five days, seven people have died, all with similar symptoms. It is your job to examine the data and determine the cause of death for these victims. The first was a 12-year-old girl Her parents said that she was awake in the middle of the night complaining of a stuffy nose and sore throat. They gave her an extra strength Tylenol and sent her back to bed. At 7am the next morning, the parents discovered that the girl had collapsed on the bathroom floor An ambulance rushed the girl to a nearby hospital, where she was pronounced dead. The same day, paramedics found the second victim unconscious on his kitchen floor after what they thought was an apparent heart attack. Sadly the Victim’s brother and his fiancée also collapsed later that night while the family gathered to mourn his passing, Both had token Tylenol to help them cope with their loss shortly before collapsing: neither survived. In the next four days, four other similar deaths were reported, all in the same neighborhood and all with similar symptoms. Are these seven deaths related? What is causing these people to die? It is your job to answer these questions before more deaths are reported. Symptoms exhibited by each of the victims included: . weakness, dizziness, sleepiness flushed, bright red, skin tone • headache • shortness of breath and rapid breathing • vomiting confusion and disorientation Most deaths were very rapid, occurring within a few hours of symptoms. Part 2: Autopsy report After some investigating, it is concluded that each of the victims had died of hypoxia. Hypoxia means that the person suffered from a lack of oxygen, or they were suffocated. The reason for the hypoxiais not always clear at the first examination. The medical examiner also showed the the samples from the heart, lungs, and liver had massive cell death. After staining the samples with specific dies and looking at them under the microscope, it was shown that the tissues had major mitochondrial damage. Even though the victims died of hypoxia, their level of oxygen in their blood was approximately 110 mm Hg. The normal range is 75-100 mm Hg. Part 3: Subcellular Metabolite Analysis Detailed analysis of the damaged cells showed that ATP levels in the mitochondria were very low. Levels of Pyruvate and acetyl-CoA were normal. You begin to suspect a malfunction of a specific pathway for ATP production. You request a more detailed analysis of the metabolites found in the affected cells. The levels of key metabolites are reported below: Average Metabolite Levels Metabolite Glucose Pyruvate NADH Average Patient Level 99 27 400 Normal levels 100 25 50 Part 4: Role of Cyanide Toxicology reports show that the victims had been poisoned with cyanide. The poison was traced back to extra strength Tylenol where the murderer had opened the capsules and replaced acetaminophen (a pain killer) with cyanide. Cyanide acts very quickly, often killing within minutes of ingestion and authorities were slow to identify the cause of the deaths. Once the cause was identified, stores removed Tylenol and other drugs from shelves. While there were many suspects, no one was ever charged with the crime and it is still an ongoing investigation. Since the Chicago Tylenol murders, drug companies have drastically changed how medicines are packaged. Why is cyanide such an effective poison? You might be surprised to learn that it directly interferes with cellular respiration that occurs in the mitochondria. Answer the following questions based on information provided in the case study. Type your answers in RED print. 1. Are there any similarities between the seven victims? What are they? 2. In your opinion, are these seven death connected? Why or Why not? 3. Recall your knowledge of the functions of organelles. What function of the cell was interrupted In these patients? Could the loss of function lead to the death of these individuals? Why or Why not? 4. Analyze the oxygen levels of the victims. Were the levels higher or lower than normal? How can you explain these results with the cause of death being hypoxia? 5. Where are each of the metabolites listed in the chart in part 3 generated during cellular respiration? Glycolysis: Pyruvate: NADH: 6. List the function of each part of cellular respiration below: Glycolysis: Krebs Cycle: Electron Transport Chain: 7. Recall that the mitochondria is sometimes called the Powerhouse of the Cell. What does this mean? Why is the mitochondria relevant to this study? 8. Cyanide is an extremely fast acting poison. In fact, it was developed as a suicide pill (called L-pill) during World War II so that British and American spies could avoid being captured alive. Given what you know about ATP and cellular respiration; explain why cyanide is so fast acting. 15:12 5G Notes I don’t know how to reply to a comment but red print is ok.