Question: 1. Speciation by hybridization followed by polyploidy in plants
is an example of:
a. symbiogenesi…
1. Speciation by hybridization followed by polyploidy in plants
is an example of:
a. symbiogenesis
b. allopatric speciation
c. speciation by vicariance
d. sympatric speciation
2. Polytomies are found:
a. in dusty fossil collections of museums
b. more frequently nearer to the poles than the equator
c. on ocean shores as a result of bacterial activity
d. at nodes of a phylogeny
3. Unrelated plant species that are adapted to live in deserts
often have green fleshy stems, ephemeral leaves, and spines. This
is an example of:
a. convergent evolution
b. ontogeny
c. polytomies
d. shared derived characters
4. The three great domains of life are:
a. plants, animals, and fungi
b. eukaryotes, prokaryotes, and protists
c. Archaea, Eucarya, and Bacteria
d. Eucarya, Prokarya, and Cyanobacteria
6. The principle of parsimony is used to:
a. establish the rate of mutation at a particular nucleotide
b. choose among many possible phylogenies as the most likely,
i.e., the one with the fewest evolutionary changes
c. choose a “root” taxon for a phylogeny
d. determine the parental species of new hybrid species
7. The high diversity of Drosophila on the Hawaiian
Islands is probably the result of:
a. sympatric speciation
b. gene family evolution
c. repeated founder events
d. polyploidy
8. In the Cambrian explosion:
a. dinosaurs went extinct
b. sea levels lowered causing a mass extinction of marine
invertebrates
c. flowering plants first appeared, diversifying immediately
d. the suite of body plans of animals now existent first
appeared
e. a 10 km diameter meteorite hit the Earth causing mass
extinction
9. A new, or nearly new species has formed in the last 100 years
in which of the following taxa?
a. Drosophila
b. Rhagoletis
c. Cichlidae
d. Cactus
10. Which was not evidence for a meteorite impact at the K-T
boundary:
a. high iridium levels
b. an absence of Foraminifera
c. tektites
d. high Argon levels
11. Before radioisotope dating was available, what rule was used
to date fossils?
a. Law of Superposition
b. Evolution Leads to Complexity
c. Ontogeny Recapitulates Phylogeny
d. Molecular Clocks are Constant
12. A possible location for rapid, sympatric speciation:
a. Hawaii
b. garbage cans in the various South American cities
c. cherry orchards in Wisconsin
d. the K-T boundary
13. In populations of sweet vernal grass, Anthoxanthum
odoratum, growing on mine tailings, a trait that has
not evolved as a pre-mating isolating barrier
is:
a. short stature
b. early flowering
c. insect pollination
d. self-fertility
14. Phylogenies, as developed by the cladistic method, are based
on:
a. neutral traits
b. genetic similarity (that is, the similarity in actual
nucleotide sequences)
c. shared derived characters
d. differences in traits that are able to evolve rapidly in
response to environmental conditions
15. In expeditions to the Gobi Desert, the team of Roy Chapman
Andrews found, among other treasures:
a. dinosaur eggs
b. fossil kangaroos
c. mammoth skulls
d. positive evidence that dinosaurs were both plant eaters and
predators
16. “Ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny” means:
a. hemoglobin molecules change during human development
b. only shared derived characters should be used in developing
phylogenies
c. that evolutionary history can be inferred by observing
developmental stages
d. phylogenies should be seen as hypotheses about evolutionary
history
17. Chloroplasts originally were:
a. organisms that metabolized hydrogen sulfide
b. blue green algae or cyanobacteria
c. mitochondria
d. ingrowths of the cell wall of one-celled animals
18. Early life (between 3.5 and 3.8 billion years ago) was
characterized by:
a. lack of organelles
b. respiration based on oxygen
c. photosynthesis
d. very small nuclei
19. Which of the following makes it difficult to determine the
exact evolutionary history of a lineage?
a. neutral evolution
b. homoplasy
c. coevolution
d. homology
20. Sweet vernal grass gradually evolved the ability to grow on
lead mine tailings. This is an example of:
a. adaptation
b. evolution by genetic drift
c. heterozygote advantage
d. disruptive selection
21. In snapping shrimp that occur near the Isthmus of Panama,
the most closely related species:
a. still show an ability to produce viable offspring when
crossed, demonstrating that speciation has not gone to
completion
b. are found on either side of the Isthmus
c. are found next to each other on the same side of the Isthmus,
one in deep water and one in shallow water
d. diverged due to multiple dispersal events
22. If the fitness of hybrids in a hybrid zone is greater than
that of either parental species, how many species are likely to
occur in the region that includes the hybrid zone and the range of
the two parental species over the long term?
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4
23. Vicariance is:
a. a kind of premating reproductive isolating barrier
b. a loss of alleles due to random sampling error
c. the closest continent to the Galapagos Islands
d. a splitting of population’s former range into two or more
isolated patches
e. the long distance dispersal across inhospitable habitat
24. Thirty five percent of the world’s Drosophila species are in
Hawaii because of:
a. lax control of imported fruit on which these flies live
b. sympatric speciation on to new species of fruit trees
c. allopatric speciation due to vicariant events
d. dispersal across geographic boundaries reducing gene flow
