Question: A 60-year-old Male Presents To His General Practitioner (GP) Complaining Of Shortness Of Breath And Lower Limb Swelling. This Has Developed Over The Last 3 Days. He Has A History Of Poorly Controlled Type 2 Diabetes, Hypertension And Chronic Kidney Disease. On Examination, There Are Bi-basal Crepitations And Bilateral Pitting Oedema To The Tibial Tuberosity….

A 60-year-old male presents to his general practitioner(GP) complaining of shortness of breath and lower limb swelling.This has developed over the last 3 days. He has a history of poorlycontrolled type 2 diabetes, hypertension and chronic kidneydisease. On examination, there are bi-basal crepitations andbilateral pitting oedema to the tibial tuberosity. Urine dipstickis 3+ positive for protein.

1. What complication of chronic kidney disease hascaused this patient’s presentation?
2. List three other possible complications of chronic kidneydisease.
3. Outline four investigations to screen for/diagnose thesecomplications including rationale.