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estion 12 (2 points) Which of the following explain why airway resistance through the bronchioles is han the airway resistance through the trachea? The trachea is larger which creates higher resistance The number of bronchioles causes airflow to be distributed over a larger a The cartilaginous rings in the large airways cause high airway resistance The diameter of one bronchiole is larger than the diameter of the trache Question 13 (2 points) During radiation treatment to the lymph nodes in the mediastinum, a patient’s esophagus became damaged and developed a hole between the trachea and the esophagus. What symptom might they notice to confirm the hole has developed? there is no feeling in the esophagus so no symptoms would be noted swallowed food will enter the trachea and lungs during chewing of their food, they will notice food coming out of their nose Question 14 (2 points) A patient with advanced, severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is leaning on a bedside table, grasping the edges while breathing at rest. Scalene and sternomastoid muscle activity is visible. These observations indicate: 1. the phrenic nerve is not sending a signal to the diaphragm II. a flattened diaphragm from trapped air in the lungs III. accessory muscles are in use V. the best position for using accessory muscles Question 15 (2 points) Which of the following muscles are active during a normal exhalation? I. abdominus rectus II. diaphragm III. scalenes IV. none are active 1. 11. III and IV I only OIV only II and III Question 17 (2 points) What effect would a buildup of fluid in the pericardial sac have on hemodynamics and cardiac output amount of blood ejected from the ventricle when the heart contracts)? A larger amount of blood would be ejected from the ventricle H. Less blood would fill the heart III. Less blood would be ejected IV. Blood pressure would increase I and IV II and III Oill only OIV only Oil and IV Question 18 (2 points) How might severe obesity affect diaphragmatic movement and ventilation? 1. the diaphragm would remain in a flattened position 11. there would be less movement of the diaphragm IH. the volume of air entering the lung would decrease IV. air would be trapped in the lung Oil and in I and IV I and II Oill only
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