Question: Name: SECTION 1 An Investigator Is Interested In Comparing The Incidence Of The First Trimester (within The First 12 Weeks Of Pregnancy) Miscarriage Among Smoking And Non-smoking Pregnant Women. He Enrolls Women At The Time Of Their First Prenatal Visit At The End Of Four Weeks Gestation, Asks Them To Report Their Smoking Behavior In The Previous 6 …

Name: SECTION 1 An investigator is interested in comparing the incidence of the first trimester (within the first 12 weeks of pregnancy) miscarriage among smoking and non-smoking pregnant women. He enrolls women at the time of their first prenatal visit at the end of four weeks gestation, asks them to report their smoking behavior in the previous 6 months, and follows them weekly until the gestational age of the fetus is 12 weeks (i.e., 8 weeks later) or until they miscarry. The table below shows the data. Smoking women Total person- Number of weeks miscarriages 16510 49 Non-smoking women Total person- Number of weeks miscarriages 23400 36 1. Estimate the incidence of 1st trimester miscarriage among smokers. Note: be sure to indicate what measure of incidence you are using and label the results clearly in terms of units, as appropriate. Show calculations. Round the answer to two decimal places. 2. Name, calculate and interpret (in one sentence) the appropriate relative measure of association in this study. Show calculations. Round the answer to one decimal place. 3. Assume there were 2000 smoking women, and 3000 non-smoking women total. Using these count data and the number of cases above, what is appropriate absolute measure of association comparing the risk of miscarriage between smokers to nonsmokers. Name: 4. Based on the count data, insert the missing value in the following sentence: “In the first trimester of pregnancy, _% of non-smoking women who begin prenatal care at 4 weeks will have a miscarriage.” Show calculations. Round the answer to two decimal places. SECTION 2 1. Complete the following tables. Show calculations. 2.0 25% Prevalence ratio Prevalence among exposed Prevalence difference? 12% Risk among exposed Risk difference Risk ratio? 5% SECTION 3 In May 2005, the Kent County Health Department in Michigan was notified of an outbreak of vomiting and diarrhea following a company luncheon. Lunch included submarine sandwiches catered by a local restaurant. An estimated 94 persons attended the luncheon; 54 attendees became ill. A case-control study was conducted. Fifty-three of 54 case-patients and 33 of 40 controls reported eating lettuce in their submarine sandwich. Name, calculate and interpret the appropriate measure of association to establish the relationship between lettuce consumption and getting ill. Build a 2×2 table. SECTION 4 Match the characteristic in Column A to the most appropriate Study Design in Column B: Column A Column B 1._Do countries with higher per capita sales of soft drinks have a higher A: Cohort Study population prevalence of obesity, defined as Body Mass Index (BMI) of 30 kg/m2 B: Case-Control or greater, compared to countries with lower per capita sales of soft drinks? Study C: Cross-sectional 2._ Is the incidence rate of heart attacks lower among women who exercise Study compared to women who do not exercise on a regular basis? D: Randomized Name: Controlled Trial E: Ecologic study 3._For men diagnosed with non-hodgkins lymphoma, is 10-year survival improved for those allocated to be treated with “Rituximab” in addition to surgery and chemotherapy, as compared to control men treated with only surgery, chemotherapy and a placebo drug? 4._Are men with lupus more likely than a group of hospital controls without lupus to have a history of owning a cat?